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Showing posts with label Research Paper. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Research Paper. Show all posts

Saturday, September 3, 2011

Tomato Calcium Deficiency Problem under Sandy Soils Conditions

Introduction

Tomatoes have been a major source of vitamins and livelihood for many of the villagers. Growing this crop has been natural for the farmers although it is considered as one of the highly labor intensive crop. Most of the rural areas facilitate the tomato cultivation as their main source of employment. In this way, the problems in unemployment and poverty are temporarily solved. The practice of tomato cultivation can be passed on the other generation of the family; however, the tomato cultivation is largely depending on the expensive external inputs. As an example, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used to maintain the production of tomatoes which will obviously results to the high production costs. In addition, the use of chemicals on tomatoes and other crops were criticized by the Health Organization for the reason that it might affect the human body once consumed. Because of these recognizable problems, the farmers are obliged to switch to the most eco-friendly ways of farming that target to reduce the production costs and ensure the safeness. In this way, the farming practices are once again empowered. But despite the aim to produce quality tons of tomatoes, there is a problem that arise among the tomatoes – the nutritional problem on Calcium.

Nutritional Problems and Disorders

Tomato (Lycoperersion Esculentun) is easy to grow without the help of a greenhouse or hoop house as long as it has a reasonable summer ambience. They grow undercover in the ideal site. Tomatoes prefer the warm, sheltered in full sun yet fertile and well-drained soil. This suggests that the challenge lies in building good soil beds. People knew that tomatoes are good source of lycopene which is a powerful antioxidant. This same idea gives rise to the companies to manufacture the tomato paste, tomato ketchup, and tomato sauce. But despite the benefits given by the tomatoes, the soft fruit is vulnerable to poor condition that affects its nutrient production. The hint that the tomatoes are in poor conditions:

ü if the skin is unhealthy which means that there is a low potassium content;

ü if there is a poor growth of root and fruit development which means that there is a low phosphorus content;

ü if there is a rot on the blossom end, it means that it has a low calcium availability; and

ü if the fruit’s characteristics seems in a dying stage, it means that it is low in boron.

Calcium Deficiency

The calcium deficiency among the tomatoes is a kind of disorder that is common in acidic soils or the plants that are growing in containers wherein the water is unreliable. This deficiency causes the young leaves of tomatoes or tips in poor growth. In order to prevent and control the calcium deficiency, the farmers discovered that the true reason is the acid soils. The shortage of water slows the transport of calcium to the plant and also the excessive use of potassium or magnesium rich fertilizers. As a solution, soil treatments and soil testing should be conducted.

Sandy soils, on the other hand, are found to be the potential ground for cultivating the tomatoes. This type of soil is easy to work but have a low water holding capacities and plants might suffer. Furthermore, the nutrients may be lost due to the water irrigation. But despite these drawbacks, the sandy soils can be improved albeit it includes difficulty. In the attempt of the farmers to avoid the deficiency on tomatoes, the plants can be placed under the sandy soils but with appropriate monitoring. The application of soil enhancers like the organic matter plays a special role in maintaining the conditions of the plants and allowing the water supply. Hence, it is important to check the high soluble salts and potassium, magnesium, or ammonium level of soil to avoid the competition with the calcium. It is advised that the farmers will refrain using the other forms of nitrogen fertilizers because it can also create a big impact in the calcium absorption of the plant.

Conclusion

Tomatoes are the common types of crops that poorly developing that will shows the sign of deficiency on the nutrients. The common practice and application of the cultivating methods somehow affects the healthy growth of the plant. In order to save the other crops, the farmers seek for other intervention in which they believe to create changes. Although there are several plants that managed to live in sandy soils, still the preventive measures such as monitoring and soil treatment can improve the conditions of the soil.

Sources:

AMEF, (2006) Farmer Field School for Women: An Experience of IPM-FFS in Tomato, AME Foundation [Online] Available at: http://www.amefound.org/leisa/AME%20INFO/2006/Case%20Study-1.pdf [Accessed 18 August 2010].

Organic Gardening Practices [Online] Available at: http://www.organicgardeningpractices.com/managingsandysoil.php [Accessed 18 August 2010].

Tomato Calcium Deficiency Problem under Sandy Soils Conditions

Introduction

Tomatoes have been a major source of vitamins and livelihood for many of the villagers. Growing this crop has been natural for the farmers although it is considered as one of the highly labor intensive crop. Most of the rural areas facilitate the tomato cultivation as their main source of employment. In this way, the problems in unemployment and poverty are temporarily solved. The practice of tomato cultivation can be passed on the other generation of the family; however, the tomato cultivation is largely depending on the expensive external inputs. As an example, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used to maintain the production of tomatoes which will obviously results to the high production costs. In addition, the use of chemicals on tomatoes and other crops were criticized by the Health Organization for the reason that it might affect the human body once consumed. Because of these recognizable problems, the farmers are obliged to switch to the most eco-friendly ways of farming that target to reduce the production costs and ensure the safeness. In this way, the farming practices are once again empowered. But despite the aim to produce quality tons of tomatoes, there is a problem that arise among the tomatoes – the nutritional problem on Calcium.

Nutritional Problems and Disorders

Tomato (Lycoperersion Esculentun) is easy to grow without the help of a greenhouse or hoop house as long as it has a reasonable summer ambience. They grow undercover in the ideal site. Tomatoes prefer the warm, sheltered in full sun yet fertile and well-drained soil. This suggests that the challenge lies in building good soil beds. People knew that tomatoes are good source of lycopene which is a powerful antioxidant. This same idea gives rise to the companies to manufacture the tomato paste, tomato ketchup, and tomato sauce. But despite the benefits given by the tomatoes, the soft fruit is vulnerable to poor condition that affects its nutrient production. The hint that the tomatoes are in poor conditions:

ü if the skin is unhealthy which means that there is a low potassium content;

ü if there is a poor growth of root and fruit development which means that there is a low phosphorus content;

ü if there is a rot on the blossom end, it means that it has a low calcium availability; and

ü if the fruit’s characteristics seems in a dying stage, it means that it is low in boron.

Calcium Deficiency

The calcium deficiency among the tomatoes is a kind of disorder that is common in acidic soils or the plants that are growing in containers wherein the water is unreliable. This deficiency causes the young leaves of tomatoes or tips in poor growth. In order to prevent and control the calcium deficiency, the farmers discovered that the true reason is the acid soils. The shortage of water slows the transport of calcium to the plant and also the excessive use of potassium or magnesium rich fertilizers. As a solution, soil treatments and soil testing should be conducted.

Sandy soils, on the other hand, are found to be the potential ground for cultivating the tomatoes. This type of soil is easy to work but have a low water holding capacities and plants might suffer. Furthermore, the nutrients may be lost due to the water irrigation. But despite these drawbacks, the sandy soils can be improved albeit it includes difficulty. In the attempt of the farmers to avoid the deficiency on tomatoes, the plants can be placed under the sandy soils but with appropriate monitoring. The application of soil enhancers like the organic matter plays a special role in maintaining the conditions of the plants and allowing the water supply. Hence, it is important to check the high soluble salts and potassium, magnesium, or ammonium level of soil to avoid the competition with the calcium. It is advised that the farmers will refrain using the other forms of nitrogen fertilizers because it can also create a big impact in the calcium absorption of the plant.

Conclusion

Tomatoes are the common types of crops that poorly developing that will shows the sign of deficiency on the nutrients. The common practice and application of the cultivating methods somehow affects the healthy growth of the plant. In order to save the other crops, the farmers seek for other intervention in which they believe to create changes. Although there are several plants that managed to live in sandy soils, still the preventive measures such as monitoring and soil treatment can improve the conditions of the soil.

Sources:

AMEF, (2006) Farmer Field School for Women: An Experience of IPM-FFS in Tomato, AME Foundation [Online] Available at: http://www.amefound.org/leisa/AME%20INFO/2006/Case%20Study-1.pdf [Accessed 18 August 2010].

Organic Gardening Practices [Online] Available at: http://www.organicgardeningpractices.com/managingsandysoil.php [Accessed 18 August 2010].

Monday, August 15, 2011

Micro Analysis of Virgin Group

Introduction

The hospitality industry was acknowledged by the organizations; hence, they implemented the strategic approaches in order to gain the advantage even in the competition. One of the most recognized hospitality businesses is the travel sector in which many competitors participates just to gain the favor of the customers and be profitable in the long run.

Analysis on the Organization

The airport dominance has grown competitive in the hospitality industry of every country. Accommodating this competitive growth is the role it plays in the helping the economy to survive. There is always a different philosophy in every business venture in the heads of the entrepreneurs and airlines are a huge investment that still on the case-to-case basis for survival. In addition, there is a regulation that is strictly implemented in the market which makes the competitive advantage hard to catch. The specific strategy that can be applied is out of interest in finding dominant position. This is the evolving issues for the changes that might happen inside an organization. The similarities, differences and crossing out of the unlikely process and procedures are the continuous methods applied in the intermediate term of the company’s existence (Bilotkatch, 2007).

Virgin Group’s Strategy

Through the expansion of partnerships there is a broaden service of the Virgin Alliance and start providing the quality of service in smaller markets. Investing in the possible markets creates a good impression to capture the market. The airline became popular because of their service offered they can answer the needs of the customers in the cities where there is a large group of jetsetters and business class which is another advantage to increase the rate of return of the customers (Dunlea, 2000). In the continuous practice of the organization, they became the industry’s most favorite in airlines and second largest long-haul carrier on the route of London to New York (Rifkin, 2004).

SWOT Analysis

First is the Virgin Airlines’ Strengths, there is no doubt that influence, values and legacy of Mr. Bronson is one of their major strengths. Other advantage is that the business is privately owned which means they can manage the business well without the aid of following the government’s restrictions. The business also set the good image and good marketing strategy which reflects in promoting each other’s business as part of the alliance. Since it is the first company that offers low prices, they also get a chance to lease the aircrafts. Another factor is the strong leadership team of the seniors who are qualified enough in leading the entire organization toward the competency.

Second are the Weaknesses behind the Virgin Airlines. Because of the different business try-outs of MR. Branson, he is also part of his business’s weakness. All of his proposed projects or business’ strategies affect his other business although it is successful and stable. Another weakness is the low return of cash flow because they offer low prices for the passengers and there is a high expenditure for maintenance of the aircraft and sustaining the quality of their service. The direct route from London to New York is also considered as part of the weakness because it only promotes the limited destinations.

Third are the Opportunities for the Virgin Airlines. There are more cities open for another hospitality service and based on the smooth record of the airline, it is another success for them. Some of the large airline companies had experienced bankruptcy and it is a great opportunity and in addition, the European Union is on their side to support.

Threats are the fourth analysis on the airlines. The rapid growth and change in the world economy is a factor of threat because of the New Airline Restrictions. Another is the competition and high prices on the cost of fuels, threats on the terrorism, over flight restrictions, and the new airline companies are the other existing threats.

Conclusion

In investigating the small section of the Virgin Group organization, the SWOT analysis is used. However, the PEST analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analysis are also important to measure the macro environment and identify the right position of the firm in the industry to outperform the other rivals. In fact, those analyses are not always meant to measure the uncertainties or threats in the market but to reduce the impact it might bring in the business. It is expected that the changes economic trends, changes in social, political, and technology can serve as a threat or part of the weakness of the business, but knowing this weaknesses is the key of the business to open and manage the opportunities for their future.

References:

Bilotkatch, V., (2007) Asymmetric Regulation and Airport Dominance in International Aviation: Evidence from the London-New York Market, Southern Economic Journal, 74(2)

Dunlea, (2000) Virgin Atlantic Case. [Online] Available at: http://www.depts.husson.edu/cookc/marketingcourses/virginatlantic.ppt [Accessed 11 August 2010].

Rifkin, G., (2004) How Richard Branson Works Magic [Online] Available at: http://www.startupjunkies.org/Branson%20Case%20Study.pdf [Accessed 11 August 2010].

Wednesday, July 20, 2011

[Research Proposal] The Environmental Effects of Solid Waste Management within the Framework of Sustainable Development

Introduction

Sustainable development is a coined termed that basically characterised by living and doing business without destroying and endangering the potential interest of others and Mother Earth. There has been persistent debate on the actual and comprehensive definition of sustainable development or sustainability (Sofield 2003). Sofield states that a narrow yet inclusive definition of the term should be based on cultural, political, and economic impacts on communities. However, it is contended in this paper that the terms ‘sustainable development’ or ‘sustainability’ are rooted on the United Nations Conference for Environment and Development (the Earth Summit) in 1992 with two important variables namely, development and protection of the environment. Sustainable development is not actually a new idea. It originated and rise from public’s and people’s consciousness because of the growing awareness on the increasing cases of companies and organisations that violate environmental protection policies and regulations. And in accordance to the issues regarding environmental protection policies and regulations, management of waste becomes a crucial practice. Like in any other nations around the globe, the problem of waste management is related to the increasing industrial development, overpopulation, and indiscriminate human consumption. According to MacBean (2007), the growth of manufacturing industries including livestock production and textile and development of small and medium enterprises contribute to land pollution due to their wastes produced during and after their own processes. Industrial wastes when added to other types of pollutants such as untreated sewage and run-off of agricultural-related substances lead to other complications in all land, water, and air areas (Lu & Lo 2007). The development small and medium enterprises are also main contributors for land, water, and air pollution because they just dump their wastes unsystematically resulting to hazardous waste problems in the country leading to serious spill-over effects on health and general wellbeing of people. On the case of overpopulation and indiscriminate human consumption, these are considered as old tales yet hold basic reality on the continuous role of people on generating wastes and their inability to dispose it properly. With this, such effort regarding management of waste known as “solid waste management” becomes a buzzword in protecting the environment. Basically, this research will identify the environmental effects of solid waste management within the framework of sustainable development.

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which current solid waste management efforts of different organizations affect the environment in a country. Although one of the ways this research will be run is through subjective interpretation, objectives are also needed as it will also utilize quantitative researched. The following objectives will be addressed in the study:

Ø The extent to which current solid waste management efforts of different organizations affect the success or failure of sustainable development in a country.

Ø The effects current solid waste management efforts of different organizations have on sustainable development of a certain country compared to the last 5 years.

Ø How solid waste management efforts affects the success or failure of efforts towards sustainable development of a certain country.

Ø Findings in various literatures about the link between solid waste management and sustainable development.

Research Questions

To address the explained problem above, the following research questions will be explored in the study:

1. To which extent do the solid waste management efforts of different organizations affect the success or failure of sustainable development in a country?

2. What are the effects current solid waste management efforts have on sustainable development of a certain country compared to the last 5 years?

3. How solid waste management efforts affect the success or failure of sustainable development in a country?

4. What types of waste management efforts does a country use and how effective are they?

5. What is the significant link that solid waste management efforts have with the success or failure of sustainable development in a country?

Methodology

The study will be multi-method in nature, so as to explain clearly the relationship and effect of solid waste management efforts of organizations in a country in accordance to sustainable development. For the qualitative research, interviews with the environment-concerned organization of a certain country will be conducted. These interviews should acquire information about the different waste management strategies implemented by the group/organization for the last five years, as well as how they fare in benchmarking against waste. Also for the qualitative research, a document search in sustainable development and solid waste management will be conducted to support the evidences.

On the other hand, for the quantitative research, surveys will be conducted on 50 various personnel’s in bodies, which have direct strategic influence on environment and waste policy in a certain country. The aim of this part of the research is to ask them of any strategy used to lessen the waste and consider sustainable development in their country. Samples will be chosen through convenience sampling. Questionnaires will be pre-tested with 5 clients and will be validated with percentage and mean analysis.

Data Analysis

The quantitative data will be analyzed with the use of the latest SPSS software. On the other hand, the analytical induction process will be used for the qualitative research. The analytical induction process for the study is as follows: definition of the subject topic and the phenomenon (from literatures and the participants); redefinition of the phenomenon; subjective interpretation of data; and conclusion (Saunders et al, 2003).

References:

Lu, W. & Lo, S. (2007). ‘A closer look at the economic-environmental disparities for regional development in China’, European Journal of Operational Research, 183: 2, 882-894

MacBean, A. (2007). ‘China’s Environment: Problems and Policies’, The World Economy, 30: 2, 292-307

Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2003). Research Methods for Business Students, 3rd Ed. London: Prentice Hall Financial Times.

Sofield, T.H.B. (2003). Empowerment for Sustainable Tourism Development, Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, UK