Organizational Theories
The creation of theories of an organization, as well as their managerial approach and leadership styles, are definitely based in many principles of an ideal organization. Organizations took their common practice in various theories that relatively reflect their own situation enabling them to create the way to establish their own style in managing the organization.
Ideally, the mainstream of organizational theory has borrowed most of its disciplines in the environment like the economics and psychology in which took their respective part in every organizations (Addleson, 2007). With these certain principles and criteria the organizational objectives including the mission and vision can be formed. The fact that there is an existence of organizational theory, the more integrated the organization might be because they will be guided by its principles that in some instances had been forgotten by the organization, and the organizational development and knowledge management can be successful when the organization used the idea encompassed in it.
Some principles and practices that were supported by the organizational are entirely focus in people and managing the appointed tasks. The first principle can be associated with the on-going learning within the organization. The participative approach is an action for organizing the philosophical foundation that lies within the organization. The entire organization should set out the philosophical issues and ideas in order to understand deeply the objectives and the changes that might occur (Addleson, 2007). The principle and practice of coordination and communication is reflected in the participation of each member of an organization.
In contrast, the conventional approach in an organization is associated with compliance and control. The conventional approach aims to produce an efficient outcome, and work and organizing the entirely yet different activities done by different people (Addleson, 2007). This principle and practice is powered to get the work done by dividing the load in different group or on different people to save time, effort, and as well as energy.
Another related practice that is part of the organizational theory in making use well of the time (Adam, Whipp, and Sabelis, 2004. There is a time to work and a time to plan. The equal division of time in an organization can create a better way to establish or implement their plans well. If a person can handle and manage his time it is part or considered part of the strategic management of the entire organization. People values time and with the knowledge gained and applied in using the valuable time only means that the people can contribute more on the organization.
Different Approaches to Management
Management is an ideal name in organizing the organization that is usually fueled by the aspirations and objectives to achieve their common goal. Inside the organization, the specialization and division of work, path of authority, and chain of command are important elements of management. Management is also taking essential parts in managing the output maximization and efficiency as well as the minimizing the cost and waste. An effective organization can definitely use the managerial tasks in planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. It is expected that in management, the things are get done through people, and their applied efforts are tend to improve the working environment and satisfaction that can contribute in maintaining flexibility (Johnson, 2006).
Managers and leaders should understand the possibilities in every action and circumstances and applied the techniques in utilizing the resources even if it were human resources or natural resources. This is an approach in management that is called strategy in terms of targeting the highest quality of the products or services. The approach in management is action based that is definitely accompanied with knowledge and appropriate skills and characteristics in leadership that is why proper communication is needed.
Leadership Theories of an Organization
The leadership theories are focused on what qualities distinguished between leaders and followers that are somehow affected by the situational factors and skills. However, there are eight identified leadership theories that are applied in every organization (Wagner, n.d.).
The “great man” theories are the type of leader that was assume that he was born to be a leader and destined to be a leader. The application of the term ‘great man’ was used because people back at the time believed that leadership is only for men that are viewed as heroic and mythically strong. The trait theories are the assumptions that a leader inherent the leadership qualities and traits that are fit to lead the people. The contingency theories is the type of leadership that is best suited in any particular situation which is entirely depends upon the number of variables, including the leadership style, qualities of the followers, and the aspect of the situation. On the other hand, the situational theories are based on the appropriate decision made by the leader in every situation.
In behavioral theories is in contrast of the ‘great man theory’ and is based in the thought that leaders are made, not born. The participative theories suggest being ideal because it values the effort of the people around the leader and encouraging them to contribute their ideas toward the solution in any certain situation. Meanwhile, the management theories are focused on supervising, organizing, and assessing the group performance. And the relationship theories are concentrated on the ties connecting between the leaders and the followers which promote a good relationship and seeing the importance of every task ahead of them.
References:
Adam, B., Whipp, R., & Sabelis, I., (2004) Choreographing Time and Management: Traditions, Developments and Opportunities [Online] Available at: http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.co.uk/pdf/0-19-925369-2.pdf [Accessed 01 Dec 2009].
Addleson, M., (2007) The New Professionalism: Theory and Practice, Organizing for Participation at Work: Ideas, Issues, and Practices [Online] Available at: http://policy.gmu.edu/syllabi/2007_1/files/MNPS-700.pdf [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]
Johnson, A., (2006) Evolution of Management, Administrative, and Leadership Theories [Online] Available at: http://www.jbpub.com/samples/0763742376/42376_CH02_011_026.pdf [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]
Other Source:
Wagner, K., (n.d.). Leadership Theories – 8 Major Leadership Theories [Online] Available at: http://psychology.about.com/od/leadership/p/leadtheories.htm. [Accessed 01 Dec. 2009]
